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Analysis
 

 

Source Communities and Local Government (CLG)
Hampshire LAA targets N/A
Date range 1997 - 2008
History of amendments 21/7/09 B&D 2008 lower quartile ratio changed from 8.01 to 7.91. CLG amendment.

Commentary

House prices and housing affordability are monitored closely at regional and national level as indicators of the health of the economy and housing market. The house price to earnings/income ratio is one indicator that measures to what extent owner occupation is accessible to local residents.  Other measures include whether particular housing is affordable to certain groups (eg: key workers, first time buyers); whether an individual or household has access to finance in order to purchase a house (including any required deposit); and measuring affordability by looking at a household`s residual income - the income that remains after housing costs have been met.    

The CLG website maintains a series of statistical tables covering many aspects of the housing market and house prices.  These can be found via the following link: 
http://www.communities.gov.uk/housing/housingresearch/housingstatistics/housingstatisticsby/housingmarket/livetables/

While the tables cover mortgage lending, arrears, repossessions, income and age of borrowers and type of buyer, these are given for the UK and region only.  

At local authority level, however, data is available for lower quartile (table 583), mean and median house prices (table 582), lower quartile house price to lower quartile earnings ratio (table 576), and median house price to median earnings ratio (table 577).  This approach to measuring affordability gives a general indication of whether house prices are affordable in relation to incomes, and lower quartile house price is taken as an entry price for owner occupation. The analysis below considers house prices and house price ratios based on lower quartile and median data.  The median is given rather than the mean as the latter is more likely to be influenced by extreme values.    

House price to income ratios provide an indicator of the location of the most and least pressured areas within a region or sub-region.CLG uses earnings data (taken from the Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE)) as a proxy for income. ASHE gives earnings information for individuals, not households and is based on a 1% sample of employees.  The Cambridge Centre for Housing and Planning Research, in their recent publication "Measuring Housing Affordability: A Review of Data Sources", notes that the sources of data on household incomes (the Family Resources Survey and the Survey English Housing) are too small to be robust below national level and the larger regions. House price data is taken by CLG from the Land Registry.  

A full analysis of ASHE is given within the Profile Online in the sections headed Earnings by Residence and Earnings by Workplace.

Confidence Levels

The Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE) is based on a 1 per cent sample of employee jobs. Information on earnings and hours is obtained in confidence from employers. It does not cover the self-employed nor does it cover employees not paid during the reference period. Information is as at April each year. The statistics used are workplace based full-time individual earnings.
Data for 2008 is provisional and subject to revision.

Data

Lower quartile house prices

Lower quartile house prices 2008 (Quarter 2) £
Basingstoke and Deane

169,000

Hampshire

167,000

South East

166,250

England

125,000



Ratio of lower quartile house prices to lower quartile earnings


Lower quartile house prices to lower quartile earnings 2008
Basingstoke and Deane

7.91

Hampshire

9.12

South East

8.82

England

6.98


Median house prices


Median house prices 2008 Quarter 2
Basingstoke and Deane

209,000

Hampshire

215,000

South East

220,000

England

176,000


Ratio of median house prices to median earnings

Median house prices to median earnings

2008

Basingstoke and Deane

7.26

Hampshire

8.48

South East

8.43

England

6.94


Time Series

 

Lower quartile house prices 

Until reaching a peak of £175,000 in the final quarter of 2007, lower quartile house prices had risen from £50,850 in 1996. The graph below shows how closely lower quartile house prices in the borough have tracked the county and regional average over the last decade. The current financial downturn may be just apparent in the first two quarters of 2008. 



While the graph above shows some decrease between 2007 and the first two quarters of 2008, it is important to note that the decrease, at just £10,000, is similar to that seen between quarters 4 and 1 in 2001/2 and 2004/5, indicating the influence of some seasonal pattern.  More detailed tracking of 2007 and 2008 shows that all the borough`s directly neighbouring authorities saw decreases in quarter 1 of 2008 to some extent. The borough picture can be seen as a gradual rise and fall over this shorter time period, with a small increase between quarters 1 and 2.




Median house prices 
 
Median house prices climbed from £63,000 in 1996 to reach £233,000 in the third quarter of 2007. However, median house prices have also seen a slight dip in the first two quarters of 2008, similar to that for lower quartile. Having been at or around the county and regional averages since the beginning of this timeseries, borough levels are now marginally lower. 

 

Looking at the very recent past, rather than the last decade, house prices reached a peak in quarters 3 and 4, not just in the borough but in the borough`s direct geographical neighbours. Quarter 1 of 2008 showed a decrease in house prices for all the borough`s neighbours to a greater or lesser extent.  Some districts, Basingstoke and Deane among them, saw a slight increase in the second quarter of 2008. This analysis, looking at the last two years in detail, can be seen below.   

   

Lower quartile house prices to lower quartile earnings


The graph below shows the extent of increase in house price to earnings ratio in the borough - but also the corresponding increase seen across the county, region and nationally. The relationship between borough averages and averages for Hampshire, the South East and England has remained relatively stable during the period of increase resulting in similar positionings with the one exception, that the gap between borough average and the county/regional average has widened leaving the borough with a marginally lower rate. 

An increase can be clearly seen from 1997 to 2005. The last three years from 2005 to 2008 have seen borough, county, regional and national averages plateauing and neither rising or falling to any significant degree.   

The median house price/earnings ratio has also seen increases in the last decade.  

Median house prices to median earnings 

From 1997 to about 2003, the borough rate has tracked the Hampshire and South East averages, though staying marginally lower than both.  However, from 2003 onwards, the rate of borough increase has not been as great as the county and regional averages. As the borough rate has levelled, the England average has risen to meet it, resulting in a borough position that is now closer to the national average than that for Hampshire or the South East.

Comparisons

Lower quartile house prices  

South East lower quartile house prices range from South Buckinghamshire (£276,000) and Chiltern (£270,000) to Dover (£125,000) and Hastings (£111,750).  Basingstoke and Deane sits above the Hampshire and South East average and is most similar to Adur (£173,000), Aylesbury Vale (£168,000), Reading (£167,988) and Maidstone (£167,000). 

The borough`s position within the comparator group can be seen below. In addition to the Basingstoke and Deane, Hampshire, South East and England values, the highest (South Buckinghamshire) and lowest (Gosport) values in the comparator group are also recorded.  

  

Median house prices  


Median house prices in the South East range from Chiltern (£388,000) and South Buckinghamshire (£380,000) to Gosport (£150,000) and Hastings (£149,475).  Basingstoke and Deane is placed just below Hampshire and the South East and is similar to Slough and East Sussex (both £209,250), Aylesbury Vale (£206,500), Canterbury, Maidstone and Adur (all £205,000). House prices in the borough are lower than many of the comparator group shown below.  

  

Lower quartile house prices to lower quartile earnings:

When compared to the South East as a whole, the borough`s lower quartile house price to lower quartile earnings ratio is relatively low and below the South East and Hampshire average. Despite this placing within the South East authorities, borough lower quartile house prices remain 8 times higher than lower quartile earnings. The graph below shows the borough`s position in relation to the Western Corridor and Blackwater Valley sub-region. The range in the South East is considerable. South Buckingham has the highest ratio (13) whilst Southampton (7) and Hastings (6.7) have the lowest.



Median house prices to median earnings

 
The borough has a lower median house price/earnings ratio than many of the comparator authorities, indicating greater "affordability". Despite this, median house prices in the borough are just over 7 times the value of median earnings though this is a similar rate to the England average. 

Within the South East, and excluding the comparators below, the borough is most similar to Eastbourne, Crawley, Shepway, Hastings, Dover, Swale, Milton Keyes and Dartford. The range across the South East authorities is broad - from Chiltern (14) and Elmbridge (12.6) to Southampton and Rushmoor (both around 6).          



Notes